Wednesday, January 13, 2016

Callisto





























2016_Nk20_DSCN0191.JPG










http://www.tv.com/shows/the-expanse/retrofit-3307484/

tv.com


The Expanse Season 1 Episode 6

Retrofit

Aired Tuesday 10:00 PM Jan 12, 2016 on Syfy

AIRED: 1/12/16



http://transcripts.foreverdreaming.org/viewtopic.php?f=505&t=24668


F.D. » Transcripts » E-F » The Expanse


01x06 - Rock Bottom


Controller: Rocinante, you are cleared for station dock at Berth Z4. Please cut your engines and release your guidance systems to Tycho TC.

Acknowledged, Tycho Station. Alex: You now have control.










http://articles.latimes.com/1995-07-01/news/mn-19226_1_mir-aboard-atlantis

Los Angeles Times


Doctor, Two Cosmonauts Undergo Medical Tests Aboard Atlantis-Mir

July 01, 1995 From Associated Press

HOUSTON — After 3 1/2 months of being the doctor, astronaut Norman E. Thagard became the patient Friday and was poked and probed aboard Atlantis-Mir, the linked U.S. shuttle and Russian space station.

Dr. Ellen Baker drew blood from Thagard, a physician, and his two Russian crew mates and performed physical exams to help scientists understand the effects on the body of long stays in space. Thagard spent 3 1/2 months aboard the space station Mir, a U.S. space endurance record.

Mission Control, meanwhile, was puzzled by the higher than expected use of fuel by Atlantis.










http://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/movie_script.php?movie=2010

Springfield! Springfield!


2010 (1984)


Have you checked Discoverys orbit lately?

What?

Have you checked the orbit?

What about it?

Now its getting chilly here. This is very bad for my asthma.

You know damn well weve been checking it.

MOISEVITCH: I have enjoyed our little chat.

FLOYD: What are you not telling me?

You are a smart man, Dr. Floyd. You will know what to do.










http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/missionops-commanding.cfm

NASA


Solar System Exploration


Mission Operations

Commanding the Spacecraft

None of NASA's exciting missions to other planets would be possible without the Deep Space Network, which receives scientific data and images sent from the spacecraft and also transmits coded instructions, or commands. NASA uses the Deep Space Network to control the spacecraft, load or reprogram its computer, and to make sure it stays on the right path to its destination.










http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/galileo/mission/journey-orbital.cfm

NASA


Solar System Exploration


The Journey to Jupiter

The Orbital Tour of Jupiter - Galileo's Prime Mission

On December 7, 1995 Galileo began its prime mission: a two-year study of the Jovian system.

Galileo travels around Jupiter in elongated ovals --- each orbit lasts about two months. By traveling at different distances from Jupiter, Galileo can sample different parts of the planet's extensive magnetosphere. The orbits are designed for close-up flybys of Jupiter's largest moons.

To keep track of Galileo's journey, each orbit is numbered, and named for the moon that the spacecraft encountered at closest range. During orbit "C-3" for example --- the third orbit around Jupiter --- Galileo flew near the moon Callisto.










http://history.nasa.gov/sp4231.pdf

National Aeronautics and Space Administration


MISSION TO JUPITER: A History of the Galileo Project


page 232


Table 9.2. Prime Mission satellite tour. Includes the naming convention for Jupiter orbits and dates of closest approach to the designated satellite on each orbit.

Orbit Satellite Encounter Closest Approach


C3 Callisto 4 November 1996










http://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/07/us/nasa-gets-first-close-up-of-icy-moon.html

The New York Times


NASA Gets First Close-Up Of Icy Moon

Published: November 7, 1996

LOS ANGELES, Nov. 6— The first close-up views of Jupiter's frozen moon, Callisto, pockmarked by untold millennia of meteoric assaults, will help determine how it could be so different from its lunar siblings.

Callisto, among four Jupiter moons discovered in 1610 by the Italian astronomer Galileo, is the oldest, outermost and least geologically active. It is also believed to be one of the most heavily cratered objects in the solar system.

Of the other three moons identified by Galileo, NASA's Galileo spacecraft has so far shown that Io has active, sulfur-spewing volcanoes, Europa may have a deep, frozen ocean, and Ganymede has icy quakes.

The spacecraft came within 686 miles of Callisto early Monday, taking measurements that should help determine its composition and history.

''Everything is going very smoothly,'' said the project manager, Bill O'Neil, at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.

Scientists will have to wait until late next week, when they begin playing back the craft's tape-recorded data of the encounter, to get a look at what has been found.

With a diameter of 2,986 miles, Callisto is nearly as big as the planet-sized Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system. It is also believed to have a rocky core and a deep, icy crust like Ganymede.

The spacecraft looked closely at two ancient basins, named Asgard and Valhalla, which were formed when meteors slammed into Callisto.

''We want to try to understand how the surface has changed since the time of those impacts, what kinds of geologic forces caused those changes to happen,'' said Ken Klaasen, a member of the Galileo imaging science team.

During the current near-pass, which lasts a week, the spacecraft will also get its closest peek yet at the frozen ocean of Europa. But the best close-up of that moon will come Dec. 19 when the spacecraft zooms within 435 miles of the surface.

The spacecraft, launched from a shuttle in 1989, began an orbital tour of Jupiter and its major moons last December.










From 9/17/1974 ( the United States Navy F-14 Tomcat fighter jet aircraft enters active service in the United States Navy fleet and my biological brother United States Navy Commander Thomas Reagan is the first United States Navy F-14 Tomcat Commander Air Group ) To 11/4/1996 is 8084 days

8084 = 4042 + 4042

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 11/26/1976 ( my biological brother Thomas Reagan the civilian and privately financed astronaut in solar system deep space in his privately financed atom-pulse propulsion spaceship this day makes his first landing the Jupiter moon Callisto ) is 4042 days



From 8/1/1980 ( premiere US film "The Final Countdown" ) To 11/4/1996 is 5939 days

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 2/5/1982 ( premiere US film "Personal Best" ) is 5939 days



From 2/10/1946 ( US Navy Commodore Ben Wyatt informed the residents of Bikini Atoll they would be relocated ) To 11/4/1996 is 18530 days

18530 = 9265 + 9265

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 3/16/1991 ( my first successful major test of my ultraspace matter transportation device as Kerry Wayne Burgess the successful Ph.D. graduate Columbia South Carolina ) is 9265 days



From 1/17/1991 ( the date of record of my United States Navy Medal of Honor as Kerry Wayne Burgess chief warrant officer United States Marine Corps circa 1991 also known as Matthew Kline for official duty and also known as Wayne Newman for official duty ) To 11/4/1996 is 2118 days

2118 = 1059 + 1059

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 9/26/1968 ( premiere US TV series "Hawaii Five-O" ) is 1059 days



From 1/17/1991 ( RACKETEER INFLUENCED AND CORRUPT ORGANIZATIONS US Title 18 - the Persian Gulf War begins as scheduled severe criminal activity against the United States of America ) To 11/4/1996 is 2118 days

2118 = 1059 + 1059

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 9/26/1968 ( premiere US TV series "Hawaii Five-O" ) is 1059 days



From 6/2/1989 ( premiere US film "Dead Poets Society" ) To 11/4/1996 is 2712 days

2712 = 1356 + 1356

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 7/20/1969 ( my biological brother Thomas Reagan the United States Navy Commander circa 1969 was United States Apollo 11 Eagle spacecraft United States Navy astronaut landing and walking on the planet Earth's moon ) is 1356 days





http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/96/glcallis.html

PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE

JET PROPULSION LABORATORY

CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION

PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (818) 354-5011

http://www.jpl.nasa.gov

Contact: Franklin O'Donnell

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASENovember 4, 1996

GALILEO MAKES CLOSE PASS BY CALLISTO

For the first time, NASA's Galileo spacecraft flew close to Jupiter's moon Callisto this morning (Nov. 4), passing within 1,104 kilometers (686 miles) of the stark, crater-studded natural satellite at 13:34 Universal Time (5:34 a.m. Pacific Standard Time).

The flyby was by far the closest any spacecraft has ever come to Callisto, the outermost of the four big moons orbiting Jupiter that were first discovered by the Italian astronomer for whom the mission was named, Galileo Galilei. Signals confirming the event were received on Earth 46 minutes later.

Data from this Callisto flyby and another one next June should help resolve questions about why this seemingly inactive, pockmarked moon is so different from its vastly more active siblings -- tectonic Ganymede, volcanic Io and Europa, which may have an ocean beneath its cracked, icy crust.

Callisto is the outermost and, apparently, least active of Jupiter's four major Galilean satellites. The 4,800-kilometer- diameter (2,400-mile) moon is the second largest of Jupiter's 16 known moons. Its aged appearance is its most distinctive known feature. It has the oldest, most cratered face of any body yet observed in the solar system.

"With data from this encounter, we'll know more about why Callisto is so different from Jupiter's more lively moons," said Galileo Project Scientist Dr. Torrence V. Johnson of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

"Some of the most interesting aspects of the Callisto flyby are actually the observations we're making of other bodies, such as Jupiter and Europa. We're coming to within 34,000 kilometers (about 21,100 miles) of Europa and 658,000 kilometers (about 409,000 miles) of Jupiter. Looking at their dark sides, we should get some very good data from atmospheric measurements and auroral searches," he said.

Science instruments on the spacecraft were pre-programmed to take measurements of Callisto's surface to determine its composition and history, to look for evidence of any activity such as tectonism, and to search for hints of any magnetic field that may be generated by the moon. While some of the data are sent back to Earth immediately, much of it, including all the images, is being recorded on the spacecraft tape recorder for playback to Earth over the next few weeks.

Like Jupiter's biggest moon, Ganymede, Callisto seems to have a rocky core surrounded by ice. Unlike the other large moons of Jupiter, however, the surface of Callisto is completely covered with scars left by tens of thousands of meteoric impacts. Although the exact rate of impact crater formation is not known, scientists estimate that it would require several billion years to accumulate the number of craters found there, so Callisto is believed to have been inactive at least that long.

The Callisto flyby marks the start of a new telecommunications capability created to maximize the amount of data that can be received from Galileo. The giant ears that listen to NASA's exploratory robots in deep space have been augmented this week with the inauguration of a new link between the agency's Deep Space Network telecommunications stations in California and Australia and Australia's Parkes radio astronomy antenna.

NASA's intercontinental link-up -- or "arraying" -- of giant antennas was developed to retrieve the maximum amount of data possible from NASA's Galileo spacecraft, whose planned high- speed, high-power telecommunications voice was reduced to a whisper when its main antenna failed to open four years ago.

For several hours a day, large collecting areas of these big antennas will be devoted to concurrently receiving the spacecraft's faint transmissions as Galileo nears Callisto and returns data from its flyby. The Callisto encounter occurs with the spacecraft at one of its most distant points from the Earth, which makes receipt of Galileo's weak signal even more difficult. The arraying technique, however, allows more of the spacecraft's signal to be captured, thereby enabling a higher data rate. The arraying will be used daily throughout most of the remainder of the mission.

The debut of routine arraying of the Deep Space Network antennas represents the final installment of several imaginative engineering solutions that have allowed the Galileo Project team to carry out its mission despite the loss of the spacecraft's main telecommunications antenna.

"With our spacecraft software and ground receiving station improvements already in place, this new arraying capability is the icing on the cake," said Galileo Mission Director Neal Ausman of JPL. "The new array is critical to getting Galileo's scientific data from the Jupiter orbital tour back to Earth."

Arraying, together with other improvements in the space-to- ground communications link, increases by 10 times the quantity of raw data received from Galileo than would otherwise be possible. Changes in the way the Galileo spacecraft edits and compresses data result in an additional factor of 10. When taken together, these improvements enable Galileo to meet 70 percent of its original science goals.

Software changes on the spacecraft now ensure that every bit of science and engineering telemetry from the spacecraft is crammed with as much information as possible. Consequently, while the data amount received from Galileo is comparatively small, all of it is highly valued.

Galileo's high-gain antenna was to have provided a 134- kilobit-per-second real-time data rate from Jupiter. Had no improvements been made in the Deep Space Network, only a 10-bit per second data rate would have been possible with Galileo's small low-gain antenna for most of the mission. With these improvements, however, along with the changes made on the spacecraft, further increase the downlinked data to an effective rate of 1,000 bits per second.

"As the Earth turns relative to Galileo's position in the sky, different arrayed antennas will 'hand-off' the receipt of data from Galileo over a 12-hour period," said Leslie J. Deutsch of JPL, one of the principal innovators behind the solution for Galileo's communications problem. The array electronically links the stadium-size, 70-meter (230-foot) diameter dish antenna at the Deep Space Network complex in Goldstone, CA, with an identical antenna located at the Australia site, in addition to two 34-meter (112-foot) antennas at the Canberra complex. The California and Australia sites concurrently pick up communications with Galileo. The Parkes radio telescope joins in with the Canberra station for six hours each day.

"For two hours each day, a total of up to five antennas are pointing in unison to receive transmissions from Galileo," Deutsch said.

The new hardware, software and operations that make antenna arraying possible for Galileo represents a major improvement in the world's deep space telecommunications system for other missions as well, said Paul Westmoreland, director of telecommunications and mission operations at JPL. The effort cost $30.5 million.

"The methods used and much of the equipment will be especially useful for the new era of our faster, better, cheaper interplanetary missions," Westmoreland said. "This opens the way for mission developers to reduce future spacecraft and operations costs by using smaller spacecraft antennas and transmitters."

In the future, after the Galileo mission, other antennas may be added to routine arraying for spacecraft communications and radio science experiments. Among them are the twenty-seven 25- meter (82-foot) diameter antennas that make up the Very Large Array of radiotelescopes in Socorro, NM, and the Japanese 64- meter (210-foot) radio telescope facility at Usuda.

The new arraying capability sprang forth as an emergency measure to mitigate the loss of Galileo's high-gain antenna, but the effort now represents a permanent change and improvement in the way deep space telecommunications will be conducted from now on, said Joseph I. Statman, telecommunications specialist at JPL, who engineered the system.

"Galileo gets credit for giving arraying a huge push," Statman said. "This is the first time we will see routine arraying of antennas for spacecraft communications day in, day out. The Deep Space Network is now implementing arraying at Goldstone, as part of its standard configuration."

Several 34-meter (112-foot) antennas at Goldstone are to be outfitted with the equipment needed so they can operate together as an array, he added. "This represents the wave of the future because no more 70-meter antennas will be built for the Deep Space Network; only 34-meter antennas will be added to the network from now on," Statman said. "When faster, better, cheaper spacecraft with small transmitters and antennas require a higher downlink data rate, we will have a field of antennas with which we can manage and satisfy our customers' demands for telecommunications resources."

Galileo was launched aboard Space Shuttle Atlantis on Oct. 18, 1989. The mission is managed by JPL for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, DC.










http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1974_in_aviation

1974 in aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1974:

Entered service

September 17 - F-14 Tomcat with VF-1 and VF-2 aboard USS Enterprise



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_F-14_Tomcat

History of the F-14 Tomcat


In U.S. Navy service

The 1970s

Operation Frequent Wind

The F-14 made its first combat debut flying cover during Operation Frequent Wind in April 1975. The fighter squadrons VF-1 and VF-2 were deployed on board USS Enterprise (CVN-65) with Carrier Air Wing 14. The cruise began on September 17, 1974 and ended May 20, 1975. The two squadrons flew combat air patrols over South Vietnam during the operation but did not encounter any North Vietnamese MiGs, though they were fired upon by enemy anti-aircraft guns.

Soviet intercepts and American hostages in Iran

During the rest of the 1970’s the F-14 did not see any combat, F-14s primarily intercepted Soviet aircraft coming too close to the carrier groups, and VF-142 was the first Atlantic Fleet F-14 squadron to intercept a Soviet Tu-95 Bear bomber on April 23, 1976. In 1979, VF-111 and VF-51 participated in efforts to free the American hostages in Iran. VF-41 and VF-84 were on station during the crisis in 1980 as well.



http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/e4/enterprise-viiic.htm

Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships

DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY -- NAVAL HISTORICAL CENTER

805 KIDDER BREESE SE -- WASHINGTON NAVY YARD

WASHINGTON DC 20374-5060

Enterprise

Boldness, energy, and invention in practical affairs.

VIII

(CVA(N)-65: displacement 85,600 tons (full load); length 1101'; beam 133'; extreme width 252'; draft 35'; speed 30+ knots; complement 4,600; class Enterprise)

History: 1971-1975


Enterprise sailed for workups and refresher training, 4–28 March 1974, the first portion of which was spent in the workups, with the weekends of 9–10, 16–17 and 23–24 March, being spent in San Diego. During this period the ship was also used by a number of different squadrons for carrier qualifications, as well as a test platform for both F-14As and S-3As. During that time, Lieutenant Commander Grover Giles, pilot, and Lieutenant Commander Roger McFillen, RIO, VF-1, made the maiden F-14A Tomcat landing on board Enterprise on 14 March 1974. Later that day, Giles and McFillen were joined by a pair of Tomcats from the Naval Air Test Center (NATC) Patuxent River, Maryland.

Enterprise spent the remainder of March through mid–April 1974 conducting a “Readiness Improvement Training Period,” followed by further carrier qualifications for both CVW-14 and other unattached squadrons.


Enterprise deployed to the western Pacific on 17 September 1974.










From 3/3/1959 ( the birthdate in Hawaii of my biological brother Thomas Reagan ) To 11/4/1996 ( the closest approach of US NASA Galileo spacecraft to the Jupiter moon Callisto ) is 13761 days

From 11/2/1965 ( my birth date in Antlers Oklahoma USA and my birthdate as the known official United States Marshal Kerry Wayne Burgess and active duty United States Marine Corps officer ) To 7/7/2003 is 13761 days





http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/mer/mission/launch_e.html

NASA

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Mars Exploration Rover Mission

Launch Event Details - archive


When did the Rovers Launch?


Mission: MER-A "Spirit"

Launch Date: June 10, 2003

Launch Time: 1:58:47 p.m. EDT

Launch Vehicle: Delta II

Launch Pad: 17-A

Mission: MER-B "Opportunity"

Launch Date: July 7, 2003

Launch Time: 11:18:15 p.m. EDT

Launch Vehicle: Delta II

Launch Pad: 17-B










http://www.springfieldspringfield.co.uk/movie_script.php?movie=final-countdown-the

Springfield! Springfield!


Final Countdown, The (1980)


And right now, I don't like having two civilians on my ship when I'm about to do battle.

You've got three civilians.

Mr. Lasky, you're free to go with them if you like. Dick. Just got enough time to drop them off on a deserted spot on this island.

Not Pearl, sir?

Hell, no. They'll be a whole lot safer there. We'll equip them to look after themselves till it's over. I'll feel a lot easier with them off my hands.

Yes, sir.

Be sure you're back by 0700. I want my best man commanding that strike force.

Yes, sir.



- posted by H.V.O.M - Kerry Wayne Burgess 01:58 AM Pacific Time Spokane Valley Washington USA Wednesday 13 January 2016