http://my.excite.com/tv/prog.jsp?id=EP000186930495&sid=21254&sn=KCPQDT&st=201005092000&cn=113
excite
The Simpsons (New)
113 KCPQDT: Sunday, May 9 8:00 PM
Sitcom, Animated
Moe Letter Blues
Moe writes a letter to Homer, the Rev. Lovejoy and Apu, who are on vacation with their children, threatening to run away with one of their wives.
Cast: Dan Castellaneta, Julie Kavner, Nancy Cartwright, Yeardley Smith, Hank Azaria, Harry Shearer, Pamela Hayden, Tress MacNeille Executive Producer(s): James L. Brooks, Matt Groening, Al Jean
Original Air Date: May 09, 2010
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/contents.htm
SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision
http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/ch2.htm
SP-4221 The Space Shuttle Decision
CHAPTER 2
....in the offing, advocates of advanced propulsion saw their prospects in two novel concepts: LACE (Liquid Air Cycle Engine), an airbreathing rocket; and the scramjet, a hypersonic jet engine.
LACE sought to overcome the requirement that a rocket must carry its oxygen as a heavy quantity of liquid in an onboard tank. Instead, this concept sought to allow a rocket to get its oxygen from air in the atmosphere. Because rocket engines operate at very high pressure, no air compressor could compress the ambient air so as to allow it to flow into a thrust chamber. If the air could be liquefied, however, it would form liquid air, which could be pumped easily to high pressure. LACE sought to do this by passing the incoming air through a heat exchanger that used supercold liquid hydrogen, chilling the air into liquid form. The engine then would use the hydrogen and liquefied air as propellants.
This approach drew strong interest at Marquardt Co., a Los Angeles propulsion-research firm. In tests at Saugus, California in 1960 and 1961, Marquardt engineers successfully demonstrated a LACE design that used heat exchangers built by Garrett AiResearch. A film of those tests, shown at a conference of the Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences in March 1961, shows liquid air coming down in a torrent, as seen through a porthole. Marquardt went on to operate test engines with thrusts of up to 275 pounds. During these tests, LACE performed twice as well as conventional hydrogen-fueled rockets.
There were further innovations as well. Four-fifths of air is nitrogen, which does not burn. The presence of this nitrogen reduced the performance of LACE by cooling the exhaust and demanding extra liquid hydrogen to accomplish liquefaction. Oxygen, however, liquefies at 90 degrees Kelvin while nitrogen liquefies at the lower temperature of 77 degress Kelvin. Thus, by carefully controlling the heat-exchange process, oxygen in the air could be liquefied preferentially. This represented a topic for further research. In 1967, at General Dynamics, a test of this concept demonstrated 90 percent effectiveness in excluding the nitrogen.
While LACE represented a new direction in rocket research, the scramjet represented advances in the design of the ramjet. Ramjet engines showed their power during the 1950s when the Lockheed X-7, an unpiloted missile, reached Mach 4.31 or 2881 miles per hour setting a record for the flight of airbreathing engines. This was close to the speed limit of a ramjet. Air in such a ramjet, flowing initially at supersonic speeds, had to slow to subsonic velocity in order to burn the fuel. When it slows, an engine becomes hot and loses engine power.
For a ramjet to reach speeds well beyond Mach 4, this internal airflow would have to remain supersonic. This would keep the engine cool and prevent it from overheating. This also imposed the difficult problem of injecting, mixing, and burning fuel in such a supersonic airflow. Nevertheless, a number of people hoped to build such an engine, which they called a scramjet.
Scramjet advocates included Alexander Kartveli, the vice president for research and development at Republic Aviation, and Antonio Ferri, a professor at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. During World War II, Ferri had been one of Europe's leading aerodynamicists and had directed Italy's premier research facility, a supersonic wind tunnel. Kartveli was one of America's leading airplane designers, crafting such fighter aircraft as the F-84 and the F-105. During the 1950s, his focus was on another proposed fighter, the XF-103 that was to use a ramjet to reach speeds of Mach 3.7 (2450 mph) and altitudes of 75,000 feet.
Ferri, who worked as a consultant on this project, formed a close friendship with Kartveli. They complemented each other professionally; Kartveli studying issues of aircraft design, Ferri emphasizing the details of difficult problems in aerodynamics and propulsion. As they worked together on the XF-103 they each stimulated the other to think bolder thoughts. Among the boldest put forth first by Ferri, and then supported by Kartvelli with more detailed studies, was the idea that scramjet-powered aircraft would have no natural limits to speed or performance. They could fly to orbit, reaching speeds of Mach 25.
In the Air Force, concepts such as LACE and scramjets drew support from Weldon Worth, technical director at the Aero Propulsion Lab of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Beginning in about 1960, Worth built up a program of basic research called Aerospaceplane. Not aiming at actually building an airplane that would fly to orbit, the program pursued design studies and propulsion research that might lead to such aircraft in the distant future. The propulsion efforts were often very basic. When, in November 1964, Ferri succeeded in getting a scramjet to deliver thrust, it was impressive enough to merit an Air Force news release. Ferri went on to set a goal of 644 pounds of thrust for his test engine; he managed 517 pounds, 80 percent of his goal.
Aerospaceplane was too hot to keep under wraps. As a steady stream of leaks brought continuing coverage in the trade magazine Aviation Week. At the Los Angeles Times, the aerospace editor Marvin Miles developed his own connections, which led to banner headlines: "Lockheed Working on Plane Able to Go Into Orbit Alone"; "Huge Booster Not Needed by Air Force Space Plane." The Air Force's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) was not amused. As early as December 1960, it warned that "too much emphasis may be placed on the more glamorous aspects of the Aerospaceplane resulting in neglect of what appear to be more conventional problems."
From 9/2/1974 ( I returned to planet Earth after my 18 January 1974 first landing planet Venus ) to 2/26/1984 ( premiere US TV movie "Lace" starring my wife as "Lili" ) is 3 days 3 weeks 5 months 9 years
'33-59' ( my birth date US )
From 5/12/1965 ( I am active duty United States Navy aviator and United States Astronaut ) to 2/26/1984 ( premiere US TV movie "Lace" starring my wife as "Lili" ) is: 6864 days
From 7/16/1963 ( my wife ) to 5/1/1982 ( my graduation and commissioning United States Naval Academy Class of 1982 as Fleet Admiral Thomas Reagan United States Navy ) is: 6864 days
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087583
IMDb
The Internet Movie Database
Lace (1984) (TV)
Release Date: 26 February 1984 (USA)
Runtime: 300 min
Phoebe Cates ... Lili
From 6/19/1968 ( my 1st United States Navy Medal of Honor and I am US military fighter jet ace-in-single-day during Vietnam War ) to 11/26/1976 ( my first landing Jupiter moon Callisto ) is 3082 days
From 11/26/1976 ( my first landing Jupiter moon Callisto ) to 5/5/1985 ( premiere US TV movie "Lace II" starring my wife ) is 3082 days
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0089453/
IMDb
The Internet Movie Database
Lace II (1985) (TV)
Release Date: 5 May 1985 (USA)
Plot Keywords: Astronaut
Phoebe Cates ... Lili
"Flight of the Intruder"
Stephen Coonts
St. Martin's Paperbacks
Pocket Books edition / October 1987
St. Martin's Paperbacks edition / July 2006
Page 210
"Meet your new bombardier, Jake." Razor said. The uniformed man beside Razor stood up and stuck out his hand. He was a couple of inches taller than Jake, with wide shoulders and sunbleached hair. Cold, penetrating blue eyes looked out from a suntanned face. Under his wings he wore three rows of ribbons. The upper left one was the Distinguished Flying Cross with two gold stars.
"Virgil Cole." Jake's right hand was gripped in a firm handshake. Sammy shook hands, too, then drifted off. Jake sat down to get acquainted. Cole settled back, apparently content to let Razor do the talking.
Throughout the recitation of his resume, Cole only sipped his beer. "And after two combat cruises, he was an instructor bombardier at VA-42. Now he's joined our posse," Razor concluded.
"He's been in the Navy eight years," Steiger pitched in.
Razor leaned over to Jake and whispered in his ear. "Cole ain't a big talker." Grafton had formed that impression already. "And he ain't a big smiler, either."
Jake directed several questions at Cole, asking him where he had grown up and where he had attended college. In reply Jake received, "Winslow, Arizona," and "Phoenix."
Jake lapsed into silence while the hubbub swirled around him. As Razor introduced Cole to various people, Jake observed him carefully.
The hard blue eyes searched each new face. The corners of his mouth remained turned up in a smile of sorts, but the smile was never developed. Only the eyes moved in the mask that was Cole's face. He projected an aura of amused superiority.
The new man's reluctance to engage in conversation soon caused the talk to turn in other directions. No one mentioned the alligator pond incident so Jake assumed with relief that it had blown over, as Lundeen had predicted. The group discussed the two other new members of the squadron, a pilot and a bombardier, both just graduated from VA-128. The two had been flying every day and were now ready, Jake overheard, to requalify with six day and three night traps tomorrow when the ship was at sea. The pilot had carrier qualified in A-6s just a month before, but as Jake knew, he would have to do it again on the Shiloh to satisfy Camparelli and the CAG.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984
1984
August 11 – United States President Ronald Reagan, during a voice check for a radio broadcast remarks, "My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes".
http://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/14/world/president-s-joke-about-bombing-leaves-press-in-europe-unamused.html
Article Preview
PRESIDENT'S JOKE ABOUT BOMBING LEAVES PRESS IN EUROPE UNAMUSED
AP (The New York Times); Foreign Desk
August 14, 1984, Tuesday
Late City Final Edition, Section A, Page 8, Column 3, 496 words
[ DISPLAYING ABSTRACT ]
President Reagan's joke about bombing the Soviet Union was front-page news today in Europe.
